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I'm a Particle Astrophysicist, ask me anything

Author
Blade N'Mare
Native Freshfood
Minmatar Republic
#81 - 2012-02-06 04:49:40 UTC
Amazing thread!

Here's a question for you.

Eve ships all seem to be jet powered (not sure what they run off, as they dont need refulling). Remembering that I am a plumber by trade and not any sort of science guru, I would assume that the ships move in accordance with one of Newtons laws "Every action has an equal and opposite reaction". Now, in a car in real life, the wind resistance and rolling resistance rises at a greater rate then your speed increase, which means every vehicle will have a top speed. But a space ship has no wind or rolling resistance so theoretically, to my little mind at least, should be able to accelerate for as long as its fuel last.

Is this right, and if so, can some one please explain why my ruppy tops out at 370m/s?

"Light a candle for the Sinners.  Set the World on Fire."

Eternum Praetorian
Doomheim
#82 - 2012-02-06 12:23:27 UTC
It is generally accepted that EVE takes place in a parallel universe composed of mineral oil, in place of a vacuum.

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Borascus
#83 - 2012-02-06 16:06:45 UTC
Tsadkiel wrote:
Borascus wrote:
1. What happened to relativistic mass?


2. Why is Time Travel (either direction) still debatable when simultaneous equations and emanations of energy dictate that everything is co-processing, but without dependancy?


Also, if the answer to two was released at Christmas would it be the equivalent of CERN announcing that the LHC cannot make micro-blackholes?




it's still there, it just isn't the accepted convention. relativistic velocities imply relativistic energy, and energy curves space-time (have have evidence for this. a compressed spring is literally heavier than an uncompressed spring).

not sure about what you are talking about in 2 though. time travel is debatable because the laws of physics seem to have no preference as to the direction of the flow of time ( write an equation in t and it works just as well with -t. this is called temporal symmetry), yet the universe DOES, which seems to disagree with the current laws. so there are people in both camps.



Thank You!
Telegram Sam
Sebiestor Tribe
Minmatar Republic
#84 - 2012-02-06 16:13:19 UTC
Amaroq Dricaldari wrote:
If the Universe is going to end, then why are we sitting here worrying about it? There isn't anything we can do about it anyway.

What? Of course there's something we can do about it!
Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#85 - 2012-02-06 17:44:15 UTC
Quote:
What? Of course there's something we can do about it!


lol religion lol
of course if we can prove there are other universes maybe we can just migrate heheh

Quote:
It is generally accepted that EVE takes place in a parallel universe composed of mineral oil, in place of a vacuum.


HA! yes indeedydoody! I know a lot of you will really not like me saying this but i really REALLY want to work with CCP at some point in my career. imagine what this game would be with realistic space physics! imagine being able to literally flip-a-***** in your rifter, end over end, and charge at your enemy upside down. imagine a living galaxy, where the planets are not just stationary and there is true strategic benefits to capturing a system at different times in the year because the gates move! directionally dependent targeting effects as a result of solar winds!

there is so much physics that could be added to the game. SO so much!

on the up side though, CCP DID include red and blue shifting :3 ever notice how when you are in warp space ahead of you is tinted red and space behind you is tinted blue? that's a "real" effect!
Valei Khurelem
#86 - 2012-02-06 18:38:38 UTC  |  Edited by: Valei Khurelem
Can you fire projectiles in space without oxygen? I.e. an artillery cannon or sniper rifle, standard conventional weapons?

"don't get us wrong, we don't want to screw new players, on the contrary. The core problem here is that tech 1 frigates and cruisers should be appealing enough to be viable platforms in both PvE and PvP."   - CCP Ytterbium

Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#87 - 2012-02-06 19:09:27 UTC
Valei Khurelem wrote:
Can you fire projectiles in space without oxygen? I.e. an artillery cannon or sniper rifle, standard conventional weapons?



this depends entirely on the nature of the shell. the firing mechanism in most guns is entirely mechanical, while the reloading mechanism is usually done by harnessing the back pressure created from the combustion of the round. it's not unlikely though that a spaceship would have a reloading mechanism similar to that of, say, a battleship, where the rounds are reloaded through completely mechanical processes.

this means that the only issue we need to tackle is the combustible component of the round itself. if the round was designed SPECIFICALLY to fire in a vacuum it's completely feasible that the charge was designed to combust with some other, more energetic gas, and that the charge and gas are sealed behind the bullet against the vacuum.

an even better idea would probably be to just use gas pressurized charges. screw gun powder, we're in space! we can shoot bullets with compressed air! the net force applied to the bullet will be dependent on the difference in pressure between the charge and the environment. since we are in a vacuum we can get this difference to be VERY large :3

maybe minmatar guns are just giant airsoft pistols lol
Hans Zwaardhandler
Resilience.
The Initiative.
#88 - 2012-02-06 21:16:20 UTC
Arcosian wrote:
Well Hans I got a reply but I'm going to give the OP a chance to answer some. It's his thread after all and I'm sorry for hijacking it somewhat but when I see a question about science I just love to start answering them. This is one of my favorite threads now. Big smile


Feel free to do so if you wish, I'm just very interested in an answer to my questions. Big smile
Dunbar Hulan
Ministry of War
Amarr Empire
#89 - 2012-02-06 21:34:18 UTC
As much as I have tried, I cannot believe that we came from a speck of dust that suddenly exploded into what is known as the Universe. How can that explain Renoir, Yeats, Dickens, Picasso, Monet, Aristotle , Puccini. I could go on and on.

 ** Manchester United - Paul Scholes= Genius**

Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#90 - 2012-02-06 21:47:03 UTC  |  Edited by: Tsadkiel
Hans Zwaardhandler wrote:
Two questions, if you don't mind.

1. Expansion of the universe is thought to continue at a sharp rise rapidly, till it disappears off of graphs, due to dark energy. Now, apparently dark energy comprises (if I recall correctly) 85-90% of the universe's content. Because dark energy is shoving so much stuff apart from each other, what will eventually happen, and in how many years does science estimate this? At the same time, how is "dark" energy measured to be in such high amounts when normal matter makes up so little?

2. On the subject of Gamma Ray Bursts; what would happen if a star like VY Canis Major happened to eventually implode? It is billions of times the mass of our sun, possibly trillions, and stars that are only tens of millions larger than our son go GRB all the time... what happens when that one goes off?


wow! how did i miss this one!? good questions :3


1) there are a set of equations in cosmology (the physics of the origins of the universe) called the Friedmann Equations which are literally the equations of motion for the universe. they describe the rate of expansion of space-time. the parameters of this equations are ones we can observe through astronomy and depend largely on the motion of distant bodies, which all appear to be accelerating away from us. we conclude that there is then some energy fueling this acceleration and we call this energy Dark Energy.

ok so, now that we have some background, how will the universe end? well, we had originally thought that it would be cyclical; that eventually gravity would dominate over the motion of the universe and it would collapse on itself starting a new big bang. alas, this is NOT the case. our current measurements show an accelerating universe with no signs of stopping. as the distances between bodies become smaller and smaller, the "temperature of the universe" will drop towards absolute zero, leaving everyone very cold and lonely... and dead. this theory of the end of the universe is referred to as the Heat Death.

some theories point to a more terrifying event that occurs much after this point: The Big Rip. as the energy density of space time continues to grow, forcing expansion, eventually it will be so great that it will overpower the fundamental forces that keep atoms together. at this point, matter as we know it will literally evaporate into nothing and the universe will be a cold, lonely, dead, and empty place.

the behavior of dark energy and it's quantity is a calculated value, not observed, from trailing density terms in the Friedmann Equations (usually denoted by capital Omega)

2) Hypernovae are a suspected product of such immensely large stars and are thought to be the engines of long gamma-ray bursts. i tried to include this as a link but it failed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernova
Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#91 - 2012-02-06 21:50:16 UTC  |  Edited by: Tsadkiel
Dunbar Hulan wrote:
As much as I have tried, I cannot believe that we came from a speck of dust that suddenly exploded into what is known as the Universe. How can that explain Renoir, Yeats, Dickens, Picasso, Monet, Aristotle , Puccini. I could go on and on.


there's nothing to "believe", we have evidence. PHYSICAL evidence. not a book or a notion or an idea or a philosophy. we have a picture, a photograph, a measurement, and a theory. whether or not you can come to terms with the reality of your own existence is no problem of mine.
Dunbar Hulan
Ministry of War
Amarr Empire
#92 - 2012-02-06 21:56:41 UTC
Tsadkiel wrote:
Dunbar Hulan wrote:
As much as I have tried, I cannot believe that we came from a speck of dust that suddenly exploded into what is known as the Universe. How can that explain Renoir, Yeats, Dickens, Picasso, Monet, Aristotle , Puccini. I could go on and on.


there's nothing to "believe", we have evidence. PHYSICAL evidence. not a book or a notion or an idea or a philosophy. we have a PICTURE. whether or not you can come to terms with the reality of your own existence is no problem of mine.


You might have the "How", the mechanics of it, but you don't have the "Why". That I believe, is the true answer to one's own existence.

Still doesn't explain the development of creative geniuses, people who shaped the world through the creation of their words, writing, music, philosophy.

 ** Manchester United - Paul Scholes= Genius**

Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#93 - 2012-02-06 22:00:43 UTC
as i stated earlier in this thread, science doesn't really answer "why" in a non-superficial sense. and we're ok with that because, guess what, we're working on it heheh

as for creative geniuses, i can't see any other way they COULD have come to be
FloppieTheBanjoClown
Arcana Imperii Ltd.
#94 - 2012-02-06 22:38:55 UTC
I recently read Stephen Baxter's Ring and a major theme in the book was dark matter's role in stellar evolution and equilibrium. The specifics of the plot dealt with dark matter life forms and was pure science fiction, but I'm wondering how much of the background information concerning dark matter and its role inside stars was legitimate theory, and how much of it has survived the 17 years since publication. It was something I'd never run across in all my recreational studies.

Also, a bit of speculation since there's a relevant thread for me to muse in. As a college dropout I have little hope of ever wrapping my head around the math of the Big Bang, but I do grasp the theory of it and the concept that the laws of physics basically changed as the universe expanded and "decompressed". I've often wondered if those same physical laws are quite as universal as scientists believe to be (or at least, give the impression that they believe as much), or if there are places in the universe where the constants vary due to a completely different cosmic evolution.

If other universes might have evolved with different constants, as has been suggested many times, then what about the possibility that we live in a "chimera" (to borrow a term from biology) universe? That would certainly wreak havoc on our cosmic observations if we couldn't rely on basics like gravity and light to always behave the same.

Founding member of the Belligerent Undesirables movement.

Amaroq Dricaldari
Ministry of War
Amarr Empire
#95 - 2012-02-06 22:41:50 UTC
Tsadkiel wrote:
Valei Khurelem wrote:
Can you fire projectiles in space without oxygen? I.e. an artillery cannon or sniper rifle, standard conventional weapons?



this depends entirely on the nature of the shell. the firing mechanism in most guns is entirely mechanical, while the reloading mechanism is usually done by harnessing the back pressure created from the combustion of the round. it's not unlikely though that a spaceship would have a reloading mechanism similar to that of, say, a battleship, where the rounds are reloaded through completely mechanical processes.

this means that the only issue we need to tackle is the combustible component of the round itself. if the round was designed SPECIFICALLY to fire in a vacuum it's completely feasible that the charge was designed to combust with some other, more energetic gas, and that the charge and gas are sealed behind the bullet against the vacuum.

an even better idea would probably be to just use gas pressurized charges. screw gun powder, we're in space! we can shoot bullets with compressed air! the net force applied to the bullet will be dependent on the difference in pressure between the charge and the environment. since we are in a vacuum we can get this difference to be VERY large :3

maybe minmatar guns are just giant airsoft pistols lol

Actually, you can fire a gun in space wish Gun Powder alone.

This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.

Amaroq Dricaldari
Ministry of War
Amarr Empire
#96 - 2012-02-06 22:43:21 UTC
Blade N'Mare wrote:
Amazing thread!

Here's a question for you.

Eve ships all seem to be jet powered (not sure what they run off, as they dont need refulling). Remembering that I am a plumber by trade and not any sort of science guru, I would assume that the ships move in accordance with one of Newtons laws "Every action has an equal and opposite reaction". Now, in a car in real life, the wind resistance and rolling resistance rises at a greater rate then your speed increase, which means every vehicle will have a top speed. But a space ship has no wind or rolling resistance so theoretically, to my little mind at least, should be able to accelerate for as long as its fuel last.

Is this right, and if so, can some one please explain why my ruppy tops out at 370m/s?

The Warp Reactor creates a field that simulates Wind Resistance. Turning it off would cause the ship to explode due to a Critical Existance Failure.

This is my signature. There are many like it, but this one is mine.

Hans Zwaardhandler
Resilience.
The Initiative.
#97 - 2012-02-06 22:45:04 UTC
Tsadkiel wrote:
[quote=Hans Zwaardhandler]snip


Ah, thank you for answering that question, Tasdkiel. Big smile

I was also wondering, there was also a hypothesis from a book about the universe that I read saying that the expansion rate of the universe that could stay even. Meaning that the universe would expand... but at the same time not, because gravity would rein it back in. What would happen if that hypothesis was correct?

And on the subject of Heat Death... I'm guessing that such an event will be the case so many years in the future we will run out of zeroes to measure that number. How long would Heat Death, the Big Rip, and the collapse of the universe into another Big Bang take?

Thank you for answering in advance. Big smile
Eternum Praetorian
Doomheim
#98 - 2012-02-06 23:01:51 UTC  |  Edited by: Eternum Praetorian
Tsadkiel wrote:
Dunbar Hulan wrote:
As much as I have tried, I cannot believe that we came from a speck of dust that suddenly exploded into what is known as the Universe. How can that explain Renoir, Yeats, Dickens, Picasso, Monet, Aristotle , Puccini. I could go on and on.


there's nothing to "believe", we have evidence. PHYSICAL evidence. not a book or a notion or an idea or a philosophy. we have a picture, a photograph, a measurement, and a theory. whether or not you can come to terms with the reality of your own existence is no problem of mine.



Before you said "evolution" and "Gravity" are in the end only theories. Just saying LOL.



This part reminds me of the latest computer model for the sun. It was deemed 98% accurate by some of the best minds in the world, and it predicted some of the most powerful solar storms in history, that should be occurring, oh... right about now. People were making a huge fuss over this, comparing it to 2012 prophecies and world ending solar storms knocking out power grids. Real "end of our civilization" kind of stuff.

Guess what happened...

We are currently in one of the weakest solar cycles in the past 100 years. Roll so much for 98% accuracy. Oops? Ultimately, we live in an age where the new religion is the theoretical sciences, but as Tsadkeil had said prior, it is all just "theoretical" in the end. There are multitudes of unknowns that have remained unknown since the dawn of science. Although we are assured that science will figure it out "soon", the reality of it is that we are not all the much closer to answering those most basic questions now then we were 100's of years ago. The more we learn, the more unknowns we seem to find.

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Tsadkiel
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#99 - 2012-02-06 23:22:32 UTC
FloppieTheBanjoClown wrote:
I recently read Stephen Baxter's Ring and a major theme in the book was dark matter's role in stellar evolution and equilibrium. The specifics of the plot dealt with dark matter life forms and was pure science fiction, but I'm wondering how much of the background information concerning dark matter and its role inside stars was legitimate theory, and how much of it has survived the 17 years since publication. It was something I'd never run across in all my recreational studies.

Also, a bit of speculation since there's a relevant thread for me to muse in. As a college dropout I have little hope of ever wrapping my head around the math of the Big Bang, but I do grasp the theory of it and the concept that the laws of physics basically changed as the universe expanded and "decompressed". I've often wondered if those same physical laws are quite as universal as scientists believe to be (or at least, give the impression that they believe as much), or if there are places in the universe where the constants vary due to a completely different cosmic evolution.

If other universes might have evolved with different constants, as has been suggested many times, then what about the possibility that we live in a "chimera" (to borrow a term from biology) universe? That would certainly wreak havoc on our cosmic observations if we couldn't rely on basics like gravity and light to always behave the same.



another good question!

on the topic of dark matter in stars, i honestly don't know. if there is i haven't heard anything about it. we know very little about the properties of dark matter and we know a great deal about stellar evolution, so i would doubt that such a theory, if it exists, would bring much new physics to the table.

as for the rest: we have very rigorous mathematics and evidence that supports the universality of physical laws. now, i'm not saying that the physical nature of the universe hasn't changed with time: it has! but these changes fall within the current laws. furthermore, the changes occurred everywhere in the universe simultaneously, so it is unlikely for there to be pocket universes or chimera regions with different laws.

the core of the evidence for this comes from Noether's Theorem, which states that (in summary) "where there is symmetry, there is an associated conserved quantity". the current laws of physics all point towards the fact that space-time is both homogeneous and isotropic. this means the universe doesn't care "where/when" you are (homogeneous) nor does it care which way you are going (isotropic). some examples: you do an experiment at point A and then you repeat it at point B (where everything is the same except for the location) and you get the same results. this means the result is symmetric under translation and this results in, from the mathematics, conservation of momentum. temporal symmetry is the same thing but with time and results in conservation of energy. (as a side note: in quantum mechanics, all wavefunctions carry a complex phase value, which has no effect on the outcome of calculations. i have been told that this corresponds to conservation of charge but i haven't proven it to myself yet).

we have made very precise measurements of conservation of momentum and energy and they allow us to make very accurate predictions, so we conclude that, yes, the universe in indeed homogeneous and isotropic.
Eternum Praetorian
Doomheim
#100 - 2012-02-07 03:38:13 UTC
Is there a such thing as "Cosmic Gamma Ray Background radiation" similar to the microwave background radiation?

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