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Rise of the institutional investor and failing corprate oversight

Author
Hamish Grayson
#1 - 2011-11-11 22:37:17 UTC  |  Edited by: Hamish Grayson
In the early days of the State buyers and sellers of of Megacorporation stocks were largely what is considered to be 'individual investors', such as wealthy families, who often had a vested, personals and emotional interest in the corporations whose shares they owned. 

Over time, however, the securites market within the State has become largely institutionalized:  that is buyers and sellers are largely institutions such as pension funds like Caldari Funds Unlimited, Trust funds, mutual funds, hedge funds, exchange-traded funds, banks, brokers, and other corporations.  

In short, at the founding of our State the owners of Megacorporations were wealthy families but in the modern State a huge portion of Mega shares belong to the 'lower-class' citizen of the State in the form of professionally managed pension funds.

These pools of invested money  are designed to maximize the benefits of diversified investment by investing in a very large number of different corporations with sufficient liquidity. The idea is this strategy will largely eliminate financial risk by not placing all of the investor's (in the case of CFU, millions of low level Caldari workers) eggs in one basket.  A consequence of this approach is that these investors have relatively little interest in the governance of one particular corporation when they own shares in dozens or even hundreds of corporations. It is often assumed that fund managers pressing for change in a corporation it owns shares in will likely be costly they will simply sell out their interest rather than fix the problem.

While the rise of the institutional investor has brought with it some increase of professional diligence and much needed reforms of the State's Securities Exchange regulations.  Unfortunately however, there has been a concurrent lapse in the oversight of our megacorporations, many of which are now owned by large investment funds. 

In the days of our forefathers The Board of Directors of  megacorporations were chosen by the principal shareholders, who at the time usually had an emotional as well as monetary investment in the company, and the Board diligently kept an eye on the company and its executives - hiring and firing CEOs and lesser executives based upon merit.

Nowadays, if the owning financial institutions (such as pension funds) don't like what CEO and his or her executive staff is doing or they feel that firing them will likely be costly or time consuming, they will simply sell out their interest to someone else.  Were as in the past a more involved principle (like s founding family) would be more likely to weather the risks and attempt to see the company change course for the better.  A prime example of this sort of behavior being the firesale of Caldari Constructions shares during the Piak riots were investors chose to bail out instead of standing by the CC employees and customers.  Such a thing would have been unthinkable to our gradparents.

A recent study by STI and The Karnola Financial Reader [1] found that companies in which "founding families retain a stake of more than 10% of the company's capital enjoyed a superior performance over their respective sectorial peers." Over the last decade, this superior performance amounts to 8% per year.  One of the biggest strategic advantages a corporation can have, is blood lines."

In the modern  Board is instead mostly chosen by the CEO, and may be made up primarily of their friends and associates, such as officers of the corporation or business colleagues. Since the institutional shareholders rarely object, the CEO generally takes the Chair of the Board position for his or herself thus makes it much more difficult for the stock owners to "fire" him or her.

This is how CEOs like Haatakan Oiritsuu come to power.   In her tenure as CEO Oiritsuu violated the trust of the Kaalakiota's employees( who ironically were KK's shareholders), spat on Kaalakiota's core values such respect for it's employees and ignored the centuries old management principles that had made Kaalakiota the largest and most successful corporation in the State.  Under her direction Kaalakiota went from being the most benevolent and respected of the State's corporations into a sad caricature out of bad science fiction novel.

The great men who founded our State chose to hand down leadership to their children and moving away from this time honored tradition has weakened the Caldari.    

They teach at the State War Academy that you shouldn't point out a problem without also suggesting a solution.   However, I am just a humble Starship Captain and a solution is beyond me.   

For pilots that share my concerns or wish to discuss possible solutions feel free to send me a message or drop by the FTL channel Heiian College.
Hamish Grayson
#2 - 2011-11-11 22:53:07 UTC
John Revenent
Revenent Defence Corperation
Ishuk-Raata Enforcement Directive
#3 - 2011-11-12 04:58:20 UTC
A interesting, good read as always Grayson-haan.

Ishukone Loyalist - Private Contractor

"Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned."

Dex Nederland
Lai Dai Infinity Systems
The Fourth District
#4 - 2011-11-12 07:13:19 UTC
To summarize the issue presented:

Quote:
How is able management and leadership ensured when those invested are diverse, disinterested, and dissociated?


The report referenced indicates when organizations are led by founders or those closely associated with founders, the organization out performs its peers. Naturally, the founders tend to be heavily invested in their organization financially (and emotionally).

At some point, outside investment is required. Investors are sought after and the investment of the founders is diluted. The success of the vision diminishes in exchange for quarterly success and dividends to outside investors. But the outside investment may be required in order to achieve the founders' vision. The challenge may be to adequately capture the founders' vision and ensure it is passed from generation to generation.

There in lies the true challenge - passing from generation to generation the vision the founders began with.
Hamish Grayson
#5 - 2011-11-24 21:24:23 UTC  |  Edited by: Hamish Grayson
Dex Nederland wrote:


There in lies the true challenge - passing from generation to generation the vision the founders began with.


Nederland-haan,

As usual you get to the heart of the matter in a few short words, were it takes me paragraphs.

I also find myself wondering what could be done to return the reigns to those our forefathers intended to lead us.
Andreus Ixiris
Center for Advanced Studies
Gallente Federation
#6 - 2011-11-24 21:37:33 UTC
Dex Nederland wrote:
There in lies the true challenge - passing from generation to generation the vision the founders began with.


While there's a lot to be said for tradition and knowing your roots, many Caldari - Ishukone foremost among them - have learnt the importance of tempering respect for the past with the pragmatism of living in the present. In any generational endeavour, each new generation will impart upon an entity their own outlook and their own beliefs and methods. I daresay the State is not the State its founders created, just as the Federation is not the Federation its founders created. The important element of this endeavour is not to maintain utter, unflinching loyalty to a vision, but to grow, evolve and build in ways that don't do that vision a disservice - and as with all worthwhile endeavours, it's no easy task.

Andreus Ixiris > A Civire without a chin is barely a Civire at all.

Pieter Tuulinen > He'd be Civirely disadvantaged, Andreus.

Andreus Ixiris > ...

Andreus Ixiris > This is why we're at war.

Hamish Grayson
#7 - 2011-11-24 22:09:52 UTC
Unfortunatly neither Haatakan Oiritsuu's nor Tibus Heth's leadership is the proper evolution of Matias Sobaseki's vision.
Andreus Ixiris
Center for Advanced Studies
Gallente Federation
#8 - 2011-11-24 23:14:09 UTC
Hamish Grayson wrote:
Unfortunatly neither Haatakan Oiritsuu's nor Tibus Heth's leadership is the proper evolution of Matias Sobaseki's vision.


I'm not saying they are. I'm just saying that Matias Sobaseki's vision is not the be-all and end-all of Kaalakiota.

Andreus Ixiris > A Civire without a chin is barely a Civire at all.

Pieter Tuulinen > He'd be Civirely disadvantaged, Andreus.

Andreus Ixiris > ...

Andreus Ixiris > This is why we're at war.

Dex Nederland
Lai Dai Infinity Systems
The Fourth District
#9 - 2011-11-25 19:43:48 UTC
Andreus Ixiris wrote:
The important element of this endeavour is not to maintain utter, unflinching loyalty to a vision, but to grow, evolve and build in ways that don't do that vision a disservice - and as with all worthwhile endeavours, it's no easy task.


An excellent insight.

There is every possibility of successfully achieving the founders' vision and being left unsure what to do next. The idea cuts across cultural divides.
Andreus Ixiris
Center for Advanced Studies
Gallente Federation
#10 - 2011-11-25 20:14:04 UTC
Dex Nederland wrote:
An excellent insight.

There is every possibility of successfully achieving the founders' vision and being left unsure what to do next. The idea cuts across cultural divides.


Well, I would say the answer to successfully acheiving the vision of a founder is to then pursue your own vision, and if you don't achieve it in your own time, leave a legacy for your successors to follow. All men have a vision, no matter how small or petty it might seem. In fact, as we see from so many endeavours, many men of power pursue the vision of a founder and their own vision simultaneously - not always successfully, but it's always possible.

Changes are not permanent, but change is.

Andreus Ixiris > A Civire without a chin is barely a Civire at all.

Pieter Tuulinen > He'd be Civirely disadvantaged, Andreus.

Andreus Ixiris > ...

Andreus Ixiris > This is why we're at war.