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425mm Railgun Lead Rounds Have Less Mass Than a Fart (and the Numbers to prove it...)

Author
stoicfaux
#21 - 2011-10-05 04:31:07 UTC  |  Edited by: stoicfaux
Jiska Ensa wrote:
Hugo Junkers wrote:


It's the other way around : the more the projectile approaches the speed of light, the bigger its mass.


This man speaks the truth. That's why you can never break the speed of light using conventional thrust - your mass approaches infinity, thus the force required to accelerate any faster also approaches infinity (time dilation plays a role there too)

I'm not a physicist and I'll leave accounting for relativity up to an expert. My point was that if you increase the speed from 83% of c to 99% of c, edit: bad light speed % numbers. then you still have only 3.807 GJ with which to accelerate the projectile which would imply reduced projectile mass in the Newtonian model.

Quote:
Also, it may already have been said, but railguns don't just use capacitor juice to launch...they're constantly drawing a significant amount of power (over 2 gigawatts is nothing to sniff at; that's the output of some nuclear power plants). I highly doubt that much energy is being used to make the thing turn and track. In zero gee, in a vacuum. Yah.

If you include the 2344MW used by the turret and a firing rate of once per 4.7 seconds (5x Faction MagStabs,) that adds 1.1 GJ of energy to our 3.807 GJ of cap energy. You still wind up with a projectile massing 0.001568kg (or 0.055 grams) as an upper bound, which is still significantly less dense than 0.05m^ of methane gas.

Pon Farr Memorial: once every 7 years, all the carebears in high-sec must PvP or they will be temp-banned.

Headerman
Native Freshfood
Minmatar Republic
#22 - 2011-10-05 04:34:11 UTC
0ld School wrote:
Headerman wrote:
Pro tip: rail guns use a 'shoe' to fit over the sabot to accellerate it. the 'shoe' then falls away from the sabot after firing. The 'shoe' is a great conductor of electricity, allowing the railgun to work.


From evelopedia:

Quote:

The weapon commonly referred to as a 'Railgun' does not utilize rails within the barrel of the gun that the charge slides on - mounting lugs are not visible on images of the charges.


Pointless. Its a made up game about made-up spaceships using made-up technologies.

Further attempts to use maths/real logic will be met with contradicting quotes from a made-up wiki.


OK. I should have said A railgun uses.... Roll

Australian Fanfest Event https://forums.eveonline.com/default.aspx?g=posts&find=unread&t=90062

Killwitch
Imperial Academy
Amarr Empire
#23 - 2011-10-05 10:01:07 UTC
hey guys where did you all go to school?
Vicker Lahn'se
Republic Military School
Minmatar Republic
#24 - 2011-10-05 20:35:08 UTC
Killwitch wrote:
hey guys where did you all go to school?


I'm going to guess various community colleges.



stoicfaux wrote:
Stuff




First, you can't just make up some number for the flight time and then strut about as if you've done some kind of rigorous mathematical proof.

Second, you make a false assumption by claiming that all of the energy to launch the projectile comes from your capacitor, or even your capacitor plus power grid. When you fire your hunting rifle at your neighbor's yapping dog, the energy to launch that bullet doesn't come from the rifle's battery. It comes from the chemical energy of the gunpowder which is contained in each individual round. Hybrid rounds in Eve could easily contain some form of stored energy in each individual round. It doesn't even need to be chemical energy like gunpowder. You could very easily claim that each individual round has its own nuclear fission (or fusion) device to propel the round. It would be entirely plausible to say that there is a one time use thermonuclear device that sends a sudden electrical surge to the electronics that power the magnetic accelerators.

Third, you don't need a car sized projectile to deal damage if you're launching it with 10GJ of kinetic energy. It doesn't matter if you hit something with a train that has 10GJ of kinetic energy or if you hit it with a grain of sand having 10GJ of kinetic energy. You're still hitting it with 10GJ of kinetic energy. In today's warfare, it's actually better to have smaller projectiles rather than larger projectiles if the two projectiles in question are going to have the same kinetic energy. Smaller projectiles focus their energy on a much smaller area, resulting in more armor piercing force.

The combination of your assumption based reasoning and your fixation with fart gas leads me to believe that perhaps you have your head up your ass.
Dr Offensive
Republic University
Minmatar Republic
#25 - 2011-10-05 20:55:43 UTC
Is this debate still going on, jeesus christ

OK how about this, Gandalf and the Emperor off Star Wars have a threesome with that tart off of the Matrix (spit roast).

Then a light sabre falls end over end right through the bed (on its way to the center of the planet)

Who would survive?
Serene Repose
#26 - 2011-10-05 21:18:47 UTC

I liked the part where the thing went into the thing then came screaming out the other thing into the thing that...what was the middle part?

We must accommodate the idiocracy.

stoicfaux
#27 - 2011-10-05 21:26:55 UTC
Vicker Lahn'se wrote:

First, you can't just make up some number for the flight time and then strut about as if you've done some kind of rigorous mathematical proof.


I agree that 0.1 seconds was arbitrary. However, the numbers go beyond silly if you assume shorter time units or even instant hits.

Quote:
Second, you make a false assumption by claiming that all of the energy to launch the projectile comes from your capacitor, or even your capacitor plus power grid.

It's not a false assumption, for the simple reason that nowhere is it stated that hybrid ammo contains an energy pack to assist in firing. An imprudent or dubious assumption would be a better phrasing, methinks.

Quote:
You could very easily claim that each individual round has its own nuclear fission (or fusion) device to propel the round.

It would be entirely plausible to say that there is a one time use thermonuclear device that sends a sudden electrical surge to the electronics that power the magnetic accelerators.


If you used a fission/fusion device to propel the round, then it would no longer be a railgun.

Railgun ammo containing a power source plus the warhead would make sense, if it was described anywhere in Eve, game-wise or in the fiction. There's also another big problem with the idea:

Let's extrapolate by looking at a Cap Booster 25. A Cap Booster 25 provides 25 GJ of energy with 3kg of mass in 1m^3 volume. Unfortunately, the volume of a large railgun round is merely 0.05m^3. Thus it's not far fetched to assume that Eve technology cannot create a large hybrid round that provides a significant amount of additional energy to power the shot.

Quote:
Third, you don't need a car sized projectile to deal damage if you're launching it with 10GJ of kinetic energy. It doesn't matter if you hit something with a train that has 10GJ of kinetic energy or if you hit it with a grain of sand having 10GJ of kinetic energy. You're still hitting it with 10GJ of kinetic energy.

It would matter if your teeny tiny itsy bitsy shell hits a whipple shield.


Other considerations:
* what prevents the "lead plasma" from smashing against the titanium case during acceleration?
* why would a railgun not have solid projectiles?
* why does Lead ammo require less power than an anti-matter round?
* why does the ammo type have such a drastic effect on range?
* why use anything but anti-matter?
* why can we fire through solid objects?
* why are weapon ranges so short?
* seriously, a shell full of lead plasma?


Quote:
The combination of your assumption based reasoning and your fixation with fart gas leads me to believe that perhaps you have your head up your ass.

No dear, it's called playing with numbers. Some people enjoy analyzing the pseudo-science behind sci-fiction games to see just how far off it is.

Pon Farr Memorial: once every 7 years, all the carebears in high-sec must PvP or they will be temp-banned.

Zey Nadar
Aliastra
Gallente Federation
#28 - 2011-10-05 22:10:08 UTC
stoicfaux wrote:
Cipher Jones wrote:
Plasma has very little mass.

The description of railgun rounds says a "shell of titanium" contains the "lead plasma" and the shell is launched directly. So the mass also includes the (tiny) titanium case.



In addition, when you turn a hunk of metal into plasma, the plasma has exact same mass, its just in different form..

Its like.. which weighs more, a pound of iron or a pound of feathers..
Jiska Ensa
Estrale Frontiers
#29 - 2011-10-05 22:25:14 UTC
It all seems to depend on the flight time. We don't know that information and we can't simply assume it's 0.1 seconds or whatever. Heck, if we even assumed it was 4.whatever seconds (the cycle time) that significantly increases the mass of the round.


Long story short, there's a lot of intelligent discussion going on but we simply don't have enough data to make a truely educated estimate :(
Apollo Gabriel
Kill'em all. Let Bob sort'em out.
Ushra'Khan
#30 - 2011-10-05 22:29:15 UTC
thank god the game doesn't use smellovision.
Always ... Never ... Forget to check your references.   Peace out Zulu! Hope you land well!
Rhinanna
Brutor Tribe
Minmatar Republic
#31 - 2011-10-05 23:46:34 UTC
1> You know we have warp technology right? The shells could easily be been propelled very slowly and the energy is used to fire is been used to create the warp tunnel, not to accelerate the shell.

2> The bore of the guns is referring to gun bore not to shell size. Only in the case of projectiles would they be the same.

3> I was under the impression that with rails/hybrids, each only used half the shell as an actual projectile, the other half was used as power/propulsion depending on the type.

4> We currently have several forms of storage (capacitors in particular) which can store FAR more power than batteries can, the main problem been that it instantly drops 100% of it's energy, you can't let it out slowly like in a battery. So perfect for ammo, practically useless for any other purpose. Super-conducting loops would have similar properties and be capable of storing near infinite amounts of energy.

-The sword is only as sharp as the one who wields it! Other names: Drenzul (WoT, WoW, Lineage 2, WarH, BloodBowl, BSG, SC2 and lots more) 

Hans Jagerblitzen
Ice Fire Warriors
#32 - 2011-10-05 23:49:56 UTC
Confirming that this thread is nerd-tastically awesome. :)

CPM0 Chairman / CSM7 Vice Secretary

Doddy
Excidium.
#33 - 2011-10-06 01:17:29 UTC
stoicfaux wrote:
Summary
Additional Fun Numbers:
* The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s. (3 million m/s). .


Thats pretty goddam funny. How exactly did you lose the two orders of magnitude? Not really any point looking at the rest of your "maths" after that one is there. More importantly why did all the other wannabe scientists in the thread not notice it. For those who still don't see it the speed of light is a shade under 300 million m/s, not 3 million m/s.

Probably the most famous and important number in science and you got it wrong in a "look at me" post.
Headerman
Native Freshfood
Minmatar Republic
#34 - 2011-10-06 01:21:11 UTC
Actually... i agree with Meridith.

lol

Australian Fanfest Event https://forums.eveonline.com/default.aspx?g=posts&find=unread&t=90062

stoicfaux
#35 - 2011-10-06 01:31:57 UTC
Doddy wrote:
stoicfaux wrote:
Summary
Additional Fun Numbers:
* The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s. (3 million m/s). .


Thats pretty goddam funny. How exactly did you lose the two orders of magnitude? Not really any point looking at the rest of your "maths" after that one is there. More importantly why did all the other wannabe scientists in the thread not notice it. For those who still don't see it the speed of light is a shade under 300 million m/s, not 3 million m/s.

Probably the most famous and important number in science and you got it wrong in a "look at me" post.


Ugh yeah, what's a couple orders of magnitudes between friends? Fortunately, that was an incidental "factoid" and not relevant to the numbers supporting the projectile size. The speed of light wasn't used/required to perform the projectile mass calculations.

I've removed it from the original post to avoid confusion and further embarrassment. Oops

Pon Farr Memorial: once every 7 years, all the carebears in high-sec must PvP or they will be temp-banned.

stoicfaux
#36 - 2011-10-06 01:35:17 UTC
Jiska Ensa wrote:
It all seems to depend on the flight time. We don't know that information and we can't simply assume it's 0.1 seconds or whatever. Heck, if we even assumed it was 4.whatever seconds (the cycle time) that significantly increases the mass of the round.

Actually there might be a way. The LogServer records time down to milliseconds. I'll have to find my Rokh and test the timing.

Rhinanna wrote:
1> You know we have warp technology right? The shells could easily be been propelled very slowly and the energy is used to fire is been used to create the warp tunnel, not to accelerate the shell.

The warp tunnel theory is my preferred theory. However, in the Xenocracy chronicles, it describes railgun rounds as being accelerated by gravity. I wouldn't think that anything traveling via Eve micro-warp tunnel would be affected by gravitational acceleration.

Quote:
3> I was under the impression that with rails/hybrids, each only used half the shell as an actual projectile, the other half was used as power/propulsion depending on the type.

4> ...Super-conducting loops would have similar properties and be capable of storing near infinite amounts of energy.

Judging from the size of a Cap Booster 25 charge, that's not likely. See a few posts up.

Pon Farr Memorial: once every 7 years, all the carebears in high-sec must PvP or they will be temp-banned.

Rhinanna
Brutor Tribe
Minmatar Republic
#37 - 2011-10-06 17:55:53 UTC
Quote:
t describes railgun rounds as being accelerated by gravity. I wouldn't think that anything traveling via Eve micro-warp tunnel would be affected by gravitational acceleration


Of course it would, put a stationary object in a warp field and it still doesn't move. You still have to accelerate it first.

Quote:
Judging from the size of a Cap Booster 25 charge, that's not likely. See a few posts up.


Read again, about the usages possible from this form of storage and the limitation. It wouldn't work for cap boosters, only for weapons, or devices with immediately use all of the power they need.

-The sword is only as sharp as the one who wields it! Other names: Drenzul (WoT, WoW, Lineage 2, WarH, BloodBowl, BSG, SC2 and lots more) 

Callic Veratar
#38 - 2011-10-06 18:12:56 UTC
So, you're saying... nerf rails?
Alxea
Unstable Pirate Sharks Of The Damed Sea
#39 - 2011-10-06 18:37:16 UTC
Cow launchers do 9000 DPS with over 9000 alpha.
Vicker Lahn'se
Republic Military School
Minmatar Republic
#40 - 2011-10-06 22:31:19 UTC
stoicfaux wrote:
I agree that 0.1 seconds was arbitrary. However, the numbers go beyond silly if you assume shorter time units or even instant hits.

A more massive projectile results in a longer travel time, not the other way around.

E = 1/2 * m * v^2

v = x/t -> E = 1/2 * m * x^2 / t^2

If you decrease v, you increase m. The mass, as calculated by your method, depends on the square of the transit time. Increasing the transit time to 1 second rather than 0.1 second would increase your mass by two orders of magnitude. Your 0.0012kg becomes 0.12kg. That's a pretty substantial change.

Quote:

If you used a fission/fusion device to propel the round, then it would no longer be a railgun.

Railgun ammo containing a power source plus the warhead would make sense, if it was described anywhere in Eve, game-wise or in the fiction. There's also another big problem with the idea:

Let's extrapolate by looking at a Cap Booster 25. A Cap Booster 25 provides 25 GJ of energy with 3kg of mass in 1m^3 volume. Unfortunately, the volume of a large railgun round is merely 0.05m^3. Thus it's not far fetched to assume that Eve technology cannot create a large hybrid round that provides a significant amount of additional energy to power the shot.



First, a round can be accelerated with a two stage process. A chemical explosion gets the projectile moving and then a magnetic linear accelerator further accelerates the projectile. Such a mechanism would still be referred to as a type of railgun. In fact, a more descriptive name would be a "hybrid" weapon.

Second, one could argue that cap booster charges are massive because they're designed to release their energy in a form that can be used by your ship's capacitor. Perhaps it's possible to pack energy into a less massive form, but that form would have to be used immediately (to fire a projectile) rather than being stored.


Quote:

It would matter if your teeny tiny itsy bitsy shell hits a whipple shield.


Whipple shields are designed to break apart micrometeors. The design is based on the fact that micrometeors consist of rock that breaks apart upon striking a solid surface. It would not stop a 0.12kg column of lead plasma traveling at 2.5*10^6 km/s. A column of lead plasma would not "break apart" as a micrometeor would. Whipple shields are not a form of military defense, otherwise modern armored vehicles would be equipped with Whipple shields.


Quote:

Other considerations:
* what prevents the "lead plasma" from smashing against the titanium case during acceleration?
* why would a railgun not have solid projectiles?
* why does Lead ammo require less power than an anti-matter round?
* why does the ammo type have such a drastic effect on range?
* why use anything but anti-matter?
* why can we fire through solid objects?
* why are weapon ranges so short?
* seriously, a shell full of lead plasma?

*An opening in the titanium case. A door?
*No solid projectiles because, as you stated yourself, the projectile must be light in order to reach the speeds you described.
*Because anti-matter is harder to produce than lead.
*Ammo affects range because different types of plasmas diffuse at different rates.
*You use other types of ammo because the other types have different properties.
*When are you firing through solid objects?
*Short compared to what? Have you ever used a hybrid weapon in real life?
*With all the fancy technology in Eve, you think containment of a superheated ionized gas would be a problem? For that matter, the shell could just as well contain solid lead that gets vaporized in the process of being fired.

What do any of your "other considerations" have to do with the claim that the projectiles in question have a mass less than a fart? It seems like you're trying to change the subject because you can't defend your original assertion.

Quote:
No dear, it's called playing with numbers. Some people enjoy analyzing the pseudo-science behind sci-fiction games to see just how far off it is.


Watching you "play with numbers" is like listening to a child trying to learn the violin. Your argument takes the liberty of making many assumptions. As I pointed out above, one of your assumptions can change the end result by two orders of magnitude, or more depending on which way you want to modify the assumption. You have no idea how a hybrid turret works, beyond the fact that at some point a magnetic accelerator is used. There's a huge range of mechanisms that would fit under that umbrella, ranging from little monkeys turning cranks to ripping holes in space-time with a space-time-hole-ripper.

To make a long story short, the description in the "show info" tab of a futuristic weapon in Eve is insufficient to mathematically model specific aspects of that weapons system. There are too many unknowns.
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