Ships & Modules

http://evealtruist.com/p/article-index.html , 'know your enemy' section.

A page of charts can give you a picture of the variance between ships by faction, but I don't know that anyone has produced such a page. For instance, sensor strength from highest to lowest: Caldari, Gallente, Amarr, Minmatar. Or preferred EWAR (and secondary EWAR, not documented there but clear if you look at the ships it links). Or that Amarr/Caldari favor tank whilst Minmatar/Gallente favor gank. A lot of it has to do with the realities of deploying the favored weapon system: Amarr and Caldari, who have the best damage projection, also have the slowest ships; Minmatar, whose weapon system most benefits from range control and careful flying (kite blasters, facemelt lasers/rails, automatically continue to do damage as range increases / deal greater damage as range decreases) have the fastest and lightest ships.

There are also hybrids within empires and without. Caldari/Amarr hybrids: Khanid with armor-tanking missile-boats (and specialized roles: fleet interceptor, force recon, etc.), Sansha with shield-tanking laser boats (and damage+tracking bonuses, slot layout allowing the highest-tier guns, utility highs).

Dividing things up by race is a silly distinction (unless you are roleplaying).

Instead, divide things up by what they are good at.